What are Mashbills and Which Grains Are Used to Make Bourbon

Bourbon, America’s native spirit, is a complex and storied whiskey, but at its core lies a simple recipe: the mashbill. The mashbill, or the specific mixture of grains used to create the whiskey, is fundamental to the flavor and character of bourbon.

In this article, we will explore what mashbills are, the crucial role they play in bourbon production, and the grains typically used to craft your favorite spirit.

What Are Mashbills?

A mashbill is essentially the recipe of grains used in the production of bourbon. This grain mixture is crucial because it lays the foundation for the bourbon’s flavor, character, and quality. Each bourbon has its unique mashbill that defines its signature taste. The mashbill typically consists of a combination of corn, rye, wheat, and malted barley, each contributing distinct flavors and textures.

Corn

Corn is the primary grain used in bourbon, comprising at least 51% of the mashbill, as required by U.S. law. The high corn content gives bourbon its characteristic sweetness and smoothness. Corn imparts rich, creamy flavors that can range from caramel and vanilla to butterscotch, depending on the aging process and the cask used.

Rye

Rye adds a spicy, peppery note to bourbon, providing a sharp contrast to the sweetness of corn. It brings complexity and depth, often described as having notes of clove, nutmeg, and cinnamon. Rye is favored in “high-rye” bourbons, which are known for their bold, robust flavors and dry finish.

The mashbill for Ezra Brooks 99 Kentucky Straight Bourbon Whiskey contains 78% .

Wheat

Wheat, when used in place of rye, creates a softer, mellower bourbon. It produces a smoother, lighter profile with subtle flavors of honey, vanilla, and toast. Wheat bourbons are appreciated for their gentle sweetness and easy-drinking nature, making them a favorite among those who prefer a less assertive flavor .

Rebel 100 Kentucky Straight Bourbon is a 100 proof wheated bourbon featuring a mashbill of 68% corn, 20% wheats, and 12% barley.

Malted Barley

Malted barley is essential for its enzymes that convert starches into fermentable sugars during the mashing process. While it typically comprises a smaller portion of the mashbill, its contribution to flavor shouldn’t be underestimated. Malted barley adds a layer of complexity and can impart notes of chocolate, coffee, and nuts.

The Role of Each Grain

These grains each play a particular role in bourbon whiskey, and each imparts a particular note. When combined, there are infinite possibilities, which explains why there are so many bottles of bourbon and whiskey on retail shelves across the world.

Corn’s Sweet Symphony

Corn is undeniably the star of the show in bourbon production. Its high sugar content not only contributes significantly to the alcohol content during fermentation but also ensures that the resulting spirit has a sweet, full-bodied flavor. This sweetness serves as a canvas upon which the other grains can express their characteristics.

Rye’s Spicy Edge

Rye brings a distinctive spiciness that cuts through the sweetness of corn, adding balance and intrigue. This spiciness can manifest in various ways, from sharp pepper and clove to more subtle hints of baking spices. Rye’s boldness and dry finish make it a staple in many classic bourbon recipes, appealing to those who enjoy a more pronounced flavor profile.

Wheat’s Gentle Touch

Wheat softens the overall profile of bourbon, making it smoother and more approachable. It rounds out the edges, providing a velvety texture and enhancing the sweetness imparted by corn. Wheat-heavy bourbons are often celebrated for their gentle, easy-drinking characteristics, perfect for those new to bourbon or those who prefer a milder taste.

Malted Barley’s Backbone

While malted barley’s primary role is functional, aiding in the conversion of starches to sugars, it also contributes to the bourbon’s complexity. Its malty, nutty flavors add depth and richness, complementing the other grains. The subtle nuances of malted barley can elevate a bourbon from good to exceptional, adding layers of flavor that unfold with each sip.

The Process

The production process for bourbon begins with the mashbill. The selected grains are ground into a coarse powder and mixed with water to create a mash. This mash is then cooked to break down the starches into fermentable sugars. Once cooled, yeast is added to ferment the sugars into alcohol, creating what’s known as “distiller’s beer.”

This beer is then distilled to concentrate the alcohol and flavors. The resulting spirit, known as “white dog,” is placed into charred oak barrels to age. Over time, the interaction between the spirit and the wood develops the bourbon’s color, flavor, and complexity. The length of aging and the conditions of the aging environment can further influence the final product.

Conclusion

Mashbills are the heart and soul of bourbon, dictating the flavor, texture, and overall experience of the spirit. Understanding the role of corn, rye, wheat, and malted barley in a mashbill can deepen your appreciation for the craftsmanship that goes into every bottle. Whether you prefer the bold spiciness of a high-rye bourbon or the gentle sweetness of a wheated variety, there’s a bourbon out there for every palate.

As you explore the world of bourbon, take the time to savor the nuances of different mashbills and discover your favorites. And remember, the next time you enjoy a glass of bourbon, you’re not just tasting a drink – you’re experiencing a tradition rooted in centuries of history and craftsmanship.

If you’d like to know more about the distillation process or mashbills used in Ezra Brooks or any other of your favorite Lux Row Distillers bourbons, come visit the distillery and take a tour.